Under sink water heaters, often referred to as point-of-use heaters, are compact appliances designed to provide hot water directly at a single location, such as a kitchen or bathroom sink. Their primary purpose is to eliminate the long wait for hot water to travel from a central water heater, saving both water and energy. The categories of under sink water heaters are primarily defined by their heating method and pressure system.
1. Instantaneous (Tankless) Under Sink Water Heaters
These units are the most compact type of under sink heater. They heat water on demand as it flows through the unit, eliminating the need for a storage tank.
- How they work: When a hot water faucet is turned on, a sensor detects the flow of water and activates a powerful electric heating element. The water is heated instantly as it passes over the element, providing a continuous supply of hot water for as long as the tap is open.
- Key Features:
- Space-Saving: Their small size allows for easy installation in tight spaces under sinks.
- Energy Efficiency: They only use electricity when hot water is being drawn, which eliminates standby heat loss.
- Power Output: Typically have a low to medium power output (3 kW to 6 kW) suitable for a single point of use.
- Limitations: The flow rate is limited by the unit's power output. If the flow is too high, the water may not get hot enough.
2. Storage Under Sink Water Heaters
These are mini-tank or conventional-style water heaters designed to hold and heat a small volume of water.
- How they work: The unit contains an insulated tank where water is heated and kept at a set temperature by a thermostat and electric heating element. When hot water is used, the tank refills with cold water, which is then heated.
- Capacities: Typically range from 2.5 to 15 gallons (10 to 60 liters).
- Key Features:
- Ready Hot Water: Provides a small reservoir of hot water instantly, making it a good choice for frequent, low-volume use.
- Simple Installation: Many models can be plugged into a standard electrical outlet.
- Pressure Systems: Available in both vented (requiring a specific vented tap) and unvented (sealed and usable with standard taps) designs.
- Limitations: The supply of hot water is limited by the tank's capacity. Once the tank is empty, you must wait for it to reheat. They also have a small amount of standby heat loss.
3. Integrated Tap Water Heaters
This is a sub-category that combines the heating unit with a dedicated faucet, providing a complete all-in-one solution for a single sink.
- Key Features:
- Aesthetic Design: The heating unit and tap are coordinated, providing a clean and modern look.
- Temperature Control: The tap often includes a control for adjusting the water temperature.
- Application: Perfect for single washbasins or kitchenettes where simplicity and a quick installation are desired.
Under sink water heaters are primarily chosen for their convenience, energy-saving potential by reducing waiting time for hot water, and their ability to be installed in locations where a connection to a central hot water system is impractical or undesirable.